🔢 Integers and Floats¶

1. Definition and Initialization¶

Integers¶

Integers in Python are whole numbers, positive or negative, without decimals, of unlimited length.

In [1]:

x = 1
y = -3255522
z = 35656222554887711
print(x, y, z)

x = 1 y = -3255522 z = 35656222554887711 print(x, y, z)

1 -3255522 35656222554887711

Floats¶

Floats in Python are real numbers, containing one or more decimals.

In [2]:

x = 1.10
y = -35.59
z = 35e3  # using "e" to denote an exponential number
print(x, y, z)

x = 1.10 y = -35.59 z = 35e3 # using "e" to denote an exponential number print(x, y, z)

1.1 -35.59 35000.0

2. Arithmetic Operations¶

You can perform basic arithmetic operations on integers and floats, such as addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), floor division (//), modulus (%), and exponentiation (**).

In [3]:

x = 5
y = 2

print(x + y)  # prints: 7
print(x - y)  # prints: 3
print(x * y)  # prints: 10
print(x / y)  # prints: 2.5
print(x // y) # prints: 2 (floored quotient of x and y)
print(x % y)  # prints: 1 (remainder of x / y)
print(x ** y) # prints: 25 (x to the power y)

x = 5 y = 2 print(x + y) # prints: 7 print(x - y) # prints: 3 print(x * y) # prints: 10 print(x / y) # prints: 2.5 print(x // y) # prints: 2 (floored quotient of x and y) print(x % y) # prints: 1 (remainder of x / y) print(x ** y) # prints: 25 (x to the power y)

7
3
10
2.5
2
1
25

3. Comparisons¶

You can compare integers and floats using comparison operators: equals (==), not equal (!=), greater than (>), less than (<), greater than or equal to (>=), and less than or equal to (<=).

In [4]:

x = 5
y = 2

print(x == y)  # prints: False
print(x != y)  # prints: True
print(x > y)   # prints: True
print(x < y)   # prints: False
print(x >= y)  # prints: True
print(x <= y)  # prints: False

x = 5 y = 2 print(x == y) # prints: False print(x != y) # prints: True print(x > y) # prints: True print(x < y) # prints: False print(x >= y) # prints: True print(x <= y) # prints: False

False
True
True
False
True
False

4. Type Conversion¶

You can convert between integers and floats using the int() and float() functions.

In [5]:

x = 1.5

print(int(x))   # prints: 1
print(float(x)) # prints: 1.5

x = 1.5 print(int(x)) # prints: 1 print(float(x)) # prints: 1.5

1
1.5

5. Math Functions¶

Python includes a math module that provides mathematical functions. To use it, you first need to import it.

In [6]:

import math

x = 2
y = 3

print(math.sqrt(x))         # prints: 1.4142135623730951 (square root)
print(math.pow(x, y))       # prints: 8.0 (power)
print(math.pi)              # prints: 3.141592653589793 (pi constant)

import math x = 2 y = 3 print(math.sqrt(x)) # prints: 1.4142135623730951 (square root) print(math.pow(x, y)) # prints: 8.0 (power) print(math.pi) # prints: 3.141592653589793 (pi constant)

1.4142135623730951
8.0
3.141592653589793